Stuff that occurs to me

All of my 'how to' posts are tagged here. The most popular posts are about blocking and private accounts on Twitter, also the science communication jobs list. None of the science or medical information I might post to this blog should be taken as medical advice (I'm not medically trained).

Think of this blog as a sort of nursery for my half-baked ideas hence 'stuff that occurs to me'.

Contact: @JoBrodie Email: jo DOT brodie AT gmail DOT com

Science in London: The 2018/19 scientific society talks in London blog post

Friday, 8 March 2013

Fairly useful pages on the internet

These are the websites I have filed under 'Useful' - that's literally the only thing that unites them. I've numbered them but no ordering system is implied.

1. Alt codes for PCs
For typing unusual shapes like ♣ and ♫ with your PC's numeric keypad and your alt key (make sure you switch on NumLock) - it won't work with the numbers across the top of your keyboard. If you don't have a numeric keypad on the right hand side of your keyboard it's possibly embedded in the main bit of your keyboard (check the JKL letters), accessed with the Function (Fn) key. I'm using a Mac so I just copy and paste them.
• http://www.spike-jamie.com/alt-codes.html - like the small bullet points I'm using? It's Alt+7 = • and Alt+8 on a Mac •
• http://www.alt-codes.net/

1a. Keyboard shortcuts for Macs
http://support.apple.com/kb/ht1343

2. Online timer
Probably worth using the 'five second test' first so that you can hear what the alarm sounds like. I recommended this page to my dad who set the alarm for a period of time minutes, forgot about it then after the time had elapsed discovered his computer making a really odd and unpleasant sound and with no idea what was happening until he twigged.

3. File converter
I've used Zamzar a few times and it all went swimmingly. I've converted an mp3 into an ogg file for uploading to Wikimedia Commons and a Powerpoint into a PDF for printing as an A1 poster.

4. Google results URL pruner / link converter
If you've ever 'right click / copy address' from a page of Google search results and pasted the address somewhere else you might have been a bit disappointed by how ugly it is. There's a whole load of stuff that Google adds to URLs when they're participating in its search results and this tool prunes out the excess.

Basically it turns this:
http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=t&source=web&cd=1&ved=0A&
// url=http%3A%2F%2Fabc.go.com%2F&rct=j&q=abc&ei=kuw&cad=rja
(line break added by me)

into this:
http://abc.go.com/

5. Domain tools
Who owns that website, when was it registered? These tools can help.
• http://whois.domaintools.com/
• http://www.domaintools.com/
• http://who.is/
• http://www.nominet.org.uk/uk-domain-names/about-domain-names/domain-lookup-whois/whois-tool
• http://www.dnsstuff.com/

6. Freezepage
Lets you capture a copy of a web page as it is, in case it changes.

7. Wayback Machine from the Internet Archive
Lets you find earlier versions of websites, even if those websites have since disappeared.

8. Google cache search and site search
Find the previous copy of a web page (eg if it's recently changed and you want to see what it looked like before) by adding cache: to the URL (but delete the http:// bit). Search within a domain / site by restricting it using site: and then the name of the website.

Examples - this is what you type into the Google search box:
• cache:brodiesnotes.blogspot.com
• site:brodiesnotes.blogspot.com useful

9. URL shorteners
Although no longer needed for Twitter as it automatically converts any web address into a shorter one these are still useful in printed documents or powerpoint presentations where a reader / audience might want to note down or type in a web address that doesn't go on for ever.

With bit.ly ones you can also find out how many people have clicked on it and some other analytics stuff.
• is.gd
• bit.ly
• tinyurl.com ← this is the one I'd use where I'm not sure if the audience is familiar with URL shorteners

10. What is my monitor size?
- Hold a credit card on top of the on-screen credit card, slide the slider until they match and voila, it tells you how big your screen is. Also works with compact disc, and a whole bunch of American stuff (nickels etc).

11. BT Speed Test
Gives you a rough estimate of your download speed (not your upload speed though - there are tools for that though, but I never use them).

12. TV CatchUp  // TV Guide UK
Free, awesome, registration required. Watch actual live television (couple of seconds delayed) on your PC, Mac or iPhone etc. Wifi connection needed. 

13. Flickr images with a Creative Commons licence
Find pictures that can be used, as long as you credit the photographer / Flickr appropriately (eg if you embed a picture into a blog using the embed code this all happens automatically).

For example, here's one (hover over it to see who it's by, click on it to see it on Flickr, in situ)
Saving Time

14. Oral Rehydration Solutions
If you've got diarrhoea but have salt, sugar and water to hand you can help yourself feel a lot better by following the instructions in this excellent page:
http://rehydrate.org/solutions/homemade.htm#recipe

15. Cheaper telephone numbers for companies - say no to 0870
http://www.saynoto0870.com/ - helps you find geographic numbers (eg 020 8xxx xxxx rather than 0845 numbers which may cost more, especially if run from a mobile).

16. Remove line breaks online tool
For when you need to copy and paste text from one place to another and want to get rid of line breaks (example below). You can choose to get rid of line breaks and preserve paragraphs, or just get it all running together: http://www.textfixer.com/tools/remove-line-breaks.php hat tip @zeno001 who pointed out that the site has other useful tools too.

Example
Raw text from Food Standards Agency letter on raspberry ketones (October 2013). 

(a)
Under Regulation (EC) 258/97, novel foods and food ingredients may only be
marketed if they have been evaluated and authorised under the procedures
defined in the regulation. A novel food or ingredient
is defined as one that was not
consumed to a significant degree in the European Community before 15 May
1997.
Raspberry ketones
have
not
been authorised under this regulation.

(b)
Same text with formatting removed (there's a button in Blogger's editing pane that does this):

Under Regulation (EC) 258/97, novel foods and food ingredients may only be
marketed if they have been evaluated and authorised under the procedures
defined in the regulation. A novel food or ingredient
is defined as one that was not
consumed to a significant degree in the European Community before 15 May
1997.
Raspberry ketones
have
not
been authorised under this regulation.

(c)
Same text run through the line break remover

Under Regulation (EC) 258/97, novel foods and food ingredients may only be marketed if they have been evaluated and authorised under the procedures defined in the regulation. A novel food or ingredient is defined as one that was not consumed to a significant degree in the European Community before 15 May 1997. Raspberry ketones have not been authorised under this regulation.

Ta da!

17. Vocaroo
Online voice recorder - record a short message and share it with a link. It's a bit like an audio tweet.




Thursday, 7 March 2013

Today's brilliant or crap idea - random monthly magazine subscriptions

I had an idea and need to put it somewhere, in the hope that someone more enterprising than me makes it happen or tells me that it already exists. Or, as my dad suggested, doesn't do it at all.

You can be in a wine club type of thing and each month (or quarter or however these things work) they send you a different wine. I don't think they just send you the same type of wine but a more recent version of it.

With monthly subscriptions to magazines mean you get the next issue of the same magazine.

How about a magazine subscription that lets you try out different magazines. You could say you're interested in science or history and the publisher could send you a different magazine each month. Or, for the more adventurous magazine subscriber (!) you could opt for potluck.


I suggested this to my dad and he pointed out that it's a fairly crap idea because it costs more to post the magazines than it does to print them but even so how would anyone know how many extra to print. My reply that there would probably be magazines left over didn't impress either - then you'd be sending out old magazines. Ah well. I'm sure someone could do something sensible with it...

Tuesday, 5 March 2013

Workarounds for people who used RSS feeds from Twitter - and now can't


Edit: 12 June 2013 - Twitter has now killed off all RSS feeds as far as I can tell. 

Today is the day that Twitter apparently switches off support for RSS feeds that take content from Twitter and let people read it somewhere else (however anything that takes RSS feeds from somewhere else and sends them to Twitter is fine - this is how @DiabetesTrials works, using an RSS output from the ClinicalTrials.gov website, via Feedburner into that dedicated Twitter feed - all automatically, set it up years ago).

Most people won't care that the RSS feed outputs from Twitter have been stopped as people generally use the really nice widgets that Twitter provide - if you've ever been on a website and seen a little panel of 'latest tweets' that's what they're using and you can get your own at https://twitter.com/settings/widgets/new

Some people though will have set things up years ago to take an RSS feed from a user, search result (eg hashtag) or something else and send it to their website or RSS reader - at some point this will suddenly stop working. Assuming they notice they might not know how to fix it. RSS, standing as it does for 'really simple syndication', was extremely easy to use and 'portable' - you didn't really need to know much techy stuff beyond knowing how to click a button or use copy and paste to get a feed up and running.

I'm curious to know what easy workarounds there might be, if any, for people who've found that stuff they previously did with RSS isn't going to work much longer.

Back in October 2012 I wrote this post "Has Twitter killed RSS feeds yet? Possibly not, but not working awfully well" and it's had over 5,000 views which is off-scale for any of my blog posts (although my most popular, with almost 100,000 views is the one about what happens when you block someone on Twitter!) as most of them get in the low 100s. From the comments it seems a few people will be a bit annoyed, unless they've found alternative. What are those alternatives?

I have put out a call for problems that people have experienced, and any solutions! Please send yours :)

Case 1 - staff intranet
An organisation has a staff intranet and there's an RSS feed from the company account that goes to the intranet - this lets staff see what's being discussed. The RSS feed has been replaced with a bit of code (if I can get hold of it, and permission, I'll post it here).
Solution: problem solved

Case 2 - Following lists by RSS
Used to be possible, RSS support for lists has already been switched off and no plans to reimplement it.
Solution: unknown
Interim: Twitter's widgets allow you to add a list's tweets to your website. This is also easy on things like Blogger (just select a new html/javascript 'gadget' from Design / Layout / Add a Gadget) though from previous experience it's impossible on a Wordpress.com website (fine on WP.org self-hosted).

Case 3 - Reading tweets in an RSS newsreader, such as Google Reader
It's expected that Twitter will switch off support for all other RSS feeds (user timeline, mentions, search etc) today in which case, if that happens, the RSS feeds will simply stop and be unavailable to Google Reader etc. If someone is using Google Reader to read a collection of feeds, which until now had included Twitter feeds, they might be quite reluctant to move to a different way of reading them.
Solution: unknown
Interim: as above, Twitter lets you add a widget to your own website for user timeline | favorites | list | search but I think this is just your own tweets, faves etc.

Another solution is to read tweets by email using Twilert which will send you a daily email. Use the advanced search options to 'search for', 'From' (ie a user's timeline) or 'To' (ie at-mentions)

Case 4 - An embed-your-tweets into Wordpress.org widget
From @alexmoss writing here "I am the developer of the Twitter Feed Plugin for WordPress (http://3doordigital.com/wordpress/plugins/wp-twitter-feed/). It has been downloaded over 80,000 times and is powered completely by the RSS feed. This process suddenly changing will affect a lot of WordPress sites if not supported in the same way." 
Solution: after some to-ing and fro-ing on the discussion page Alex mentioned that he'd found a workaround for the problem, though I have no understanding of what he's done -
"I eventually ended up developing an updated version that uses the embedded timeline but also developed Twitter Feed Pro that uses the new API to output the tweets the way they used to. It was a shame as a lot of webmasters will not understand the implications of turning off the RSS feed."
Interim: not sure but person from Twitter responded with some information about how to GET statuses/user_timeline, unfortunately I've not worked out what it means yet either. But if it's as simple as just using a different web addrress then I'm all for it.

Things to investigate, though I don't understand much that's on these pages:
User timeline: https://dev.twitter.com/docs/api/1.1/get/statuses/user_timeline
Search: https://dev.twitter.com/docs/api/1.1/get/search/tweets
Favorites: https://dev.twitter.com/docs/api/1.1/get/favorites/list
Lists: https://dev.twitter.com/docs/api/1.1/get/favorites/list (same link as favorites)
Embedded timelines: https://dev.twitter.com/docs/embedded-timelines 

A friend of mine has been doing some API tweaking for Errordiary so I shall ask him more about how one does this, but I suspect coding skills are needed whereas RSS just sort of magically appeared, hidden behind a little orange button and was pretty easy to implement for most people.


Case 5 - your own tragic tale of RSS woe
Ping them over, let's find solutions and workarounds. Thanks :)






Monday, 4 March 2013

Trying to find this year's QOF stats on diabetes - worked example

This is an unfinished post that I last saved on 10 February 2013. I was in the middle of updating my own stats website at DiabetesStatistics and (a) discovered that all the previous links to stats files were now out of date because people will keep moving things around and (b) I found conflicting numbers and hadn't managed to resolve it. I'm publishing this now as I was so surprised to read of 'new' figures today... which seem to be the October 2012 QOF figures. Odd.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------


When I worked at Diabetes UK one of my tasks was to contribute to our "Diabetes in the UK" document which began to be updated annually to take account of new QOF (Quality and Outcomes Framework) figures for people with diabetes. You can see the history of the document from 1988 to the present at this page on diabetes prevalence here.

Here are the 2011/2012 figures I've found for each nation.

England: 2,566,436 people over age of 17 with diabetes (any type)
Scotland: 234,871 or possibly 247,278 (not sure about this one, see explanatory text below)
Northern Ireland: 75,837
Wales: 167,537

Total: 3,018,610 / 3044681

http://www.gpcontract.co.uk/child/UK/DM%2019/12
NumeratorDenominatorRatioCentile
Wales 167537 3185538 5.3%
England 2544197 55068625 4.6%
UK 3018610 65358176 4.6%
Scotland 231248 5210522 4.4%
Northern Ireland 75628 1893491 4.0%

Briefly, and probably somewhat simplistically, QOF is a form of accounting so that each GP practice in the various nations gets the appropriate payment for the number of people they are looking after with different conditions. I'm not sure that it was particularly designed to provide health charities with a handy record of how many people (over the age of 17) have a particular condition, but that info is there and that's the only reason I've ever looked at the data.

Taking England (because I live there and it's got the biggest population) as an example, the data is available at the level of 'everyone in England', 'everyone in a particular Strategic Health Authority', 'everyone at a particular practice' - using the latter you can also find out information about how many people in a particular town (eg with 5 practices) have a particular condition.

I won't pretend that I've ever gone to the QOF's landing page and gone straight to the relevant file and picked out the answer I want. Usually it's a case of clicking on a few things, trying to remember how I did it last year and eventually finding it. Or asking a colleague.

The QOF figures for 2011/2012 came out in October but I paid little heed to them as I'm no longer in the business of updating statistics, but then I remembered my very large DiabetesStatistics google site and I thought... I really ought to try and update it.

Easier said than done.

I created it largely for me but also for colleagues and anyone else who might be interested in statistics. Its strength, for me, is that I left reasonably good instructions on how I got hold of the figures rather than just the figures themselves.

However an additional challenge is that statistics websites often move things around, so while the instructions are good, you can't 'follow along' using previously captured figures as a guide to how to do it now because all the pages and files are '404 not found' or worse, take you to the sites' homepages.

Every single link in this section below, of this QOF overview page is now non-functioning ;)

NHS Information Centre's pages on QOF ENGLAND
Landing page (2010/2011) » data tables » Prevalence data tables » SHA level QOF tables (opens .xls)

Below is the very detailed record of my attempts to correct the links for 2010/2011 data and find 2011/2012 data. It's quite long...

In the text below the addresses are shown as embedded links but for URL hackers I've left the full addresses at the end, though the NHS IC ones don't really lend themselves to that unfortunately.

Firstly, I found where the 2010/2011 data for England had been moved, here are the links for each of them... this was partly to correct the links but also to refamiliarise myself with the process of where to look for the relevant number.

2010-2011 QOF data for ENGLAND - published in 2011
So, now onto the four nations...


2011-2012 QOF data for ENGLAND - published on 26 October 2012
Checking as we go...
For fun (your mileage may vary) you can also fact-check you've got the correct stat by googling that number along with the word diabetes - I found this question asked and answered in Parliament, which mentioned this specific figure, so this is an independent verification.

I also searched on Google for million Diabetes UK and then restricted to the most recent month to see any instances of things like "there are X million people" on DUK's site, or "According to Diabetes UK there are x million people with diabetes". I found a couple of references to 3.7 million, so then searched for that to find their September 2012 report which specifically mentions 3.7 million people with diabetes in the UK - this will include all England, Scotland, Northern Ireland and Wales 'known cases' of diabetes - this just tells me that once I've got all my figures they should probably combine to form 3.7 million (unless they're including an estimate of people with undiagnosed diabetes which is about 850,000 but I doubt it).

NORTHERN IRELAND
And Googling for 75,837 diabetes brings up plenty of evidence that others have picked the same figure, which is always heartening.

SCOTLAND
This one was a wee bit tougher because the relevant spreadsheet has macros and regardless of whether or not I enabled or disabled them the file wouldn't work on my computer (a Mac) and I couldn't select the QOF register I wanted to look at. Fortunately I spotted there was a second tab, which presents the data in a different way, so I went for that one instead. On Googling the resulting number (234,871) I didn't find much evidence of it having been used by anyone, so possibly another figure is in use.

However it is similar to the figure for last year's Scotland prevalence 2010/2011 on Diabetes UK's page (223,494) and slightly larger, so it's pretty plausible.

It's also possible that I picked the wrong file, so corrections would be appreciated! So many files...
Incidentally my page on Scotland stats took me to the 2011 register information, from which I was able to work out the landing page above.

(*) It should be possible to do it using the first tab ('by NHS board') but the macros weren't friendly. Where it says (near the top) 'please select QOF register' it should be possible to select Diabetes from a drop-down menu and get the relevant information for NHS Scotland as a whole, and then for each NHS region.

Other figures I found
Diabetes rate in Scotland continues to increase BBC News (20 August 2012) - 247,278 people, this figure comes from the Scottish Diabetes Survey.

The Scottish Diabetes Survey seems to be consistently a bit higher than QOF because for 2010/2011 prevalence Diabetes UK was using QOF figures of 223,494 and SDS for 2010 had it as 237,468.

Last year I probably knew why there was a difference ;)


WALES
  • After a lot of false starts, I discovered this helpful page from the GP Contract website, called QOF Database - Wales - DM 19
  • Look for DM 19 | 2012 = 167,537



GP Contract - QOF Database - Wales - DM 19
  http://www.gpcontract.co.uk/timeline/WAL/DM%2019

http://www.gpcontract.co.uk/child/WAL/DM%2019/12
167,537

42,713

General Medical Services Contract: Quality and Outcomes Framework Statistics, 2011-12
  http://wales.gov.uk/topics/statistics/headlines/health2012/1209271/?lang=en
QOF Data Summary for Wales and LHBs, 2011-12
  http://wales.gov.uk/docs/statistics/2012/120927datasummaryen.xls

StatsWales
  https://statswales.wales.gov.uk/Catalogue/Health-and-Social-Care/NHS-Primary-and-Community-Activity/GMS-Contract





Unless you are tasked with trying to find information from scratch and the links above don't work you probably don't need to look further. If the links above don't work you may be able to draw some conclusions about site hierarchies from the links' structures below.\

Other useful resources
Association of Public Health Observatories (APHO)'s Diabetes Prevalence Model
  http://www.yhpho.org.uk/default.aspx?RID=81090 (England, Scotland, Wales only)

Raw URLs / addresses
2010-2011 QOF data for ENGLAND - published in 2011
Quality and Outcomes Framework - 2010-11
  http://www.ic.nhs.uk/catalogue/PUB04396
Quality and Outcomes Framework - 2010-11, England level
  http://www.ic.nhs.uk/catalogue/PUB05673
Quality and Outcomes Framework - 2010-11, England level: Prevalence data tables
  http://www.ic.nhs.uk/catalogue/PUB05673/qof-10-11-data-tab-prev-eng.xls


2012 data
ENGLAND 
Quality and Outcomes Framework - 2011-12
  http://www.ic.nhs.uk/catalogue/PUB08135
Quality and Outcomes Framework - 2011-12, England level 
  http://www.ic.nhs.uk/catalogue/PUB08661
Quality and Outcomes Framework - 2011-12, England level: Prevalence data tables 
  http://www.ic.nhs.uk/catalogue/PUB08661/qof-11-12-data-tab-eng-nat-prev.xls

The chances are that next year's file might be called qof-12-13-data-tab-eng-nat-prev.xls which you can search for, although it's not clear from the PUB0123 type numbers in the URL where it will be located so file searching probably best unless the landing page helps you.

My DiabetesStatistics page on England
  https://sites.google.com/site/diabetesstatistics/uk-and-local-stats/nations/england


NORTHERN IRELAND
NI Direct QOF data
  http://www.dhsspsni.gov.uk/index/stats_research/stats-resource/stats-gp-allocation/gp_contract_qof/qof_data.htm
Local Commissioning Group Level (for relevant year)
  http://www.dhsspsni.gov.uk/index/stats_research/stats-resource/stats-gp-allocation/gp_contract_qof/qof_data/statistics_and_research-qof-lcg-2011-12.htm
Achievement in the Clinical Areas table:  Diabetes XLS 
  http://www.dhsspsni.gov.uk/diabetes_indicators_by_lcg_2011-12.xls

My DiabetesStatistics page on Northern Ireland
  https://sites.google.com/site/diabetesstatistics/uk-and-local-stats/nations/northern-ireland


SCOTLAND
ISD Scotland's Quality and Outcomes Framework
  http://www.isdscotland.org/Health-Topics/General-Practice/Quality-And-Outcomes-Framework/
Register and prevalence data at Scotland, NHS Board and CHP level
  http://www.isdscotland.org/Health-Topics/General-Practice/Quality-And-Outcomes-Framework/2011-12/Register-and-prevalence-data.asp
Prevalence reported from QOF registers (practices with any contract type)
  http://www.isdscotland.org/Health-Topics/General-Practice/Publications/2012-09-25/QOF_Scot_201112_Boards_all_prevalence.xls

Scottish Diabetes Survey
  http://www.sci-diabetes.scot.nhs.uk/

My DiabetesStatistics page on Scotland
  https://sites.google.com/site/diabetesstatistics/uk-and-local-stats/nations/scotland
 

WALES

Quality and Outcomes Framework (QOF) by local health board and disease registers
  https://statswales.wales.gov.uk/Catalogue/Health-and-Social-Care/NHS-Primary-and-Community-Activity/GMS-Contract/PatientsOnQualityAndOutcomesFramework-by-LocalHealthBoard-DiseaseRegister 

My DiabetesStatisitcs page on Wales
  https://sites.google.com/site/diabetesstatistics/uk-and-local-stats/nations/wales


Sunday, 3 March 2013

Patients and health research findings: accessing, discovering, understanding and putting them in context

This is a shortish (well, for me) post on 'stuff I've noticed' around the theme of better access to published research, and making sense of it - with some schemes and things to keep an eye on (in a good way). It seems to me that these are things that probably need to slot nicely together at some point in the future...

In case it turns out to be a bit longer than I think it is here's some music to play in the background. A choice between Jean-Michel Jarre's Oxygene (~40m) and Subcutaneous Phat from Josh Homme's Desert Sessions 10 (~5min) depending on how fast you read.





1. Accessing / discovering research
Many research papers are behind what's called a 'paywall', that is you have to make a payment of around $40 to access the article you want to read. This cost pays in part for the journal to shepherd the article from its early days as a manuscript through to the neatly formatted end product. You can always buy an article but it's expensive and there are cheaper and free-er ways available.

Increasingly, the trend is for more papers to become free to the end user ('open access') and rather than readers paying to read the articles, the authors (through their research grant money) pay to be published. This is great for patients, though there's still a bit of ironing out of how it's all going to be paid for and you can read more about that in this post on 'Open access for the deeply confused'

Until that happens the simplest ways for getting hold of newly published research articles are likely to be along the following lines:

  (i) Google Scholar might have a copy of the paper too: http://scholar.google.co.uk/

  (ii) email the author of the paper and ask politely. If you've heard about a piece of research through a news story use the information in it (scientist's(s)' name(s), university, subject keyword, name of journal) as well as adding the search terms 'email address' to find their e-address. You can also just search for their academic page on their university which will usually have their contact details. You can get the basic citation for a paper, and the abstract, for free from PubMed too.

You're looking for the 'corresponding author', or if not obvious, the paper's first author - this information will definitely be on the journal's listing for the article, not sure if it will be on PubMed though.

  (iii) find a copy of their paper on an university repository. Many organisations that award grant money to people working on research in universities insist that a copy of any paper published that arises from the money should be made freely available. University repositories often post unformatted copies (before the journal's tweaked them) of papers as PDFs. You may also find that the author has published a copy somewhere on their own personal site, usually as a pdf so you can try adding filetype:pdf to a Google search

  (iv) If you're lucky enough to have a local library or even an academic library if there's a university or equivalent near you then it's worth asking the librarian there if they can help you get hold of a copy of the article. It may be cheaper than buying it directly from the publisher's site. Your librarian should also be able to get copies from the British Library and you can search their catalogue to see if they have the journal:


2. Understanding the research
Published research articles can be heavy-going as they use a lot of jargon. They also use everyday terms in very precise meanings which doesn't help either. If you're lucky someone might have written a blog post explaining the science behind the article, aiming their post at a non-specialist audience - you can search for the article's name within Google's index of blogs.

PatientsParticipate! is a venture one of whose aims is to encourage medical research charities to work with patients in developing 'lay summary' (plain English summary aimed at non-specialist audiences) for research papers that the charity funds. Many charities do already make great efforts to make the work that they are funding more understandable (they have to, be hard to get funding otherwise!) but this doesn't always stretch to published articles. Get in touch with the relevant charities and see if they can help, but no guarantees as there are an awful lot of papers! The largest umbrella body for medical research charities is the Association of Medical Research Charities (AMRC) and they are also one of the partners behind PatientsParticipate!

*Update* 29 May 2013
The final published versions of the guide on writing lay summaries are now available, for printed copies for events contact info@dcc.ac.uk - see comment below

AcaWiki is an expanding list of non-specialist summaries of research articles, it's pot luck though if your article or area of interest is represented there.

If you want to help write lay summaries you might be interested in PatientsParticipate!'s guide on 'How to write lay summaries' (PDF) (annotated online draft version for comments) and there's also a science wiki from the 21st Floor which aims to "open up scientific research to the public by offering plain-language summaries of important scientific research" to which people can contribute.

3. Putting it in context
Turning complex phrases ('hyperglycaemia') into plain English ('high glucose levels in the blood', and explaining why that's a big deal) is all very well but although it's a good start it's not sufficient. A single piece of research is just part of the bigger picture and people need to know whether or not a particular research finding is relevant to them. Information about the type of research study that's been done and published, and the conclusions that can be appropriately drawn from it is very important. So rather than just the who, why, what, where, how, when you also need the 'what if', 'what's missing?' and 'does this study really show that X causes Y or just that the two are related'.

Something that looks very promising here is research being done into the development of an online patient toolkit to help patients, and people generally, make sense of a piece of research.
"The toolkit — which will initially be in the form of a website — will help people assess the credibility of health evidence by taking them through a set of questions they should ask of a study. The questions will be tailored depending on the type of study.

“It’ll ask people how many patients were in the study, whether there’s a control group, whether the people were randomised,” says Lindsay.

There are some services already out there that appraise evidence, such as NHS Choices’ Behind the Headlines, which analyses health research that has made it into newspapers.  The difference between the toolkit and these services is that people will be empowered to analyse research themselves.

“Behind the Headlines can’t cover every study,” says Lindsay “and some people don’t trust organisations. We want to give people the tools to appraise evidence themselves.”"
See also 
• Winner of Access to Understanding competition is announced as Europe PubMed Central and the British Library celebrate accessible, engaging science writing (11 March 2013)
• The lay summary is dead, long live the lay summary (#A2UComp) (13 March 2013) by Simon Denegri

Acknowledgements
Thanks to pals known and unknown on Twitter who retweeted my requests for info (@McDawg @pigsonthewing @mostlygeordie @Harrison_Peter @unifex @arclight @inkysloth) and made suggestions, and hopefully will continue to do so :)

This post was actually inspired by @cherrymakes writing a post explaining what Open Access is all about for people who aren't that familiar with it. I've linked to her 'new readers start here' post in mine above but here it is again for good measure: Open access for the deeply confused. It was also co-inspired by Katherine Nightingale's post for the MRC on research being done into a patient toolkit, linked above but it's here again as: Lindsay Hogg: giving power to patients